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Sample ReportFile DEMO/A-001

A submitted essay on Robespierre

An undergraduate course on the French Revolution received a final essay flagged by the instructor as stylistically inconsistent with the student's prior coursework. Three students from the seminar are under consideration based on access to the prompt and submission window.

View workplace investigation sample
Inputs3 candidates
01Emily Tran

"What's interesting about the Convention is that it didn't really decide things — it ratified things that had already happened in the streets. The radicalization wasn't top-down. By the time Robespierre is calling for the Law of 22 Prairial, the apparatus is already grinding through people. He's just naming what's there."

02Marcus Hale

"Robespierre's invocation of virtue cannot be separated from the procedural reorganization of the state. As Furet has argued, the Terror is not an aberration but the logical consequence of a politics in which sovereignty is identified with the people-as-totality, an identification which forecloses the legitimacy of dissent."

03Priya Vasquez

"I think we tend to forget how scared everyone was. The foreign armies were on the border. The Vendée was in revolt. People weren't really thinking, oh, what's the right balance between liberty and order. They were thinking, who's going to betray us next, and how do we stop them. The Terror happens inside that."

Target document (anonymous)

"The Committee of Public Safety operates within a horizon of permanent emergency. To read its decrees as expressions of ideology — Jacobin, virtuist, Rousseauian — is to mistake the formal register for the underlying logic. What the Committee does is administrative: it identifies categories of person, sorts the population against those categories, and produces, through that sorting, the conditions of its own continuance. Robespierre's speeches are not the cause of the Terror; they are the after-the-fact lyric accompaniment to a state apparatus that has already learned how to sustain itself by consuming its enemies."

Determination
Marcus Hale
Confidence
medium
Method
Closed-set stylometric attribution
with LLM-assisted feature extraction
Executive summary

The target document most closely matches Marcus Hale's writing on three independent dimensions: structural-theoretical framing, syntactic complexity, and rhetorical use of evidentiary appeals. The signal strength is medium — the candidate samples are short (≈50 words each) and a single course can homogenize student style. We recommend pairing this analysis with a brief follow-up writing sample collected under controlled conditions before any disciplinary action.

Ranked Attribution3 candidates
01

Marcus Hale

Primary attribution
78%

The target document is the strongest match for Hale's known sample. Both share a specific rhetorical move — invoking a continental theorist (Furet in the sample, an unnamed but Foucauldian register in the target) to authorize a structural over an ideological reading of the Terror. Both rely on noun-phrase nominalization ("identification which forecloses," "horizon of permanent emergency") at a rate atypical of the other candidates. Both use em dashes for parenthetical theoretical clarification rather than for rhythm.

Stylistic Evidence
  • ›Em dash used as a clause-separator for theoretical aside (3× in target, 1× in sample of 50 words) — absent in Tran and Vasquez samples
  • ›Nominalized abstractions per 100 words: target ≈ 9.4, Hale ≈ 8.1, Tran ≈ 1.2, Vasquez ≈ 0.0
  • ›Function word "as" used as evidentiary appeal ("as Furet has argued," "to read its decrees as expressions of ideology") — characteristic of Hale's argumentative posture
  • ›Sentence length: target mean ≈ 32 words, Hale mean ≈ 31 words, Tran ≈ 21 words, Vasquez ≈ 19 words
  • ›Absent in target: contractions, first-person pronouns, conversational hedges — all present in Tran and Vasquez samples
02

Emily Tran

14%

Tran's sample shares the structural-not-ideological framing with the target, but her register is markedly more colloquial. Her sample contains contractions ("didn't," "isn't") and conversational connectives ("What's interesting," "He's just naming") that are entirely absent from the target document. The shared frame reflects course material more than authorial signature.

Stylistic Evidence
  • ›Contractions present in sample, absent in target
  • ›Sentence-initial "What's interesting that" / "He's just" — characteristic conversational opening absent in target
  • ›Mean sentence length divergence (21 vs 32 words)
03

Priya Vasquez

8%

Vasquez's sample is conversational and first-person-heavy ("I think we tend to forget," "People weren't really thinking"). The target uses no first person, no rhetorical questions, and no imagined dialogue — the three most characteristic features of her sample. Attribution is unlikely.

Stylistic Evidence
  • ›First-person plural pronouns: 4 in sample, 0 in target
  • ›Sample uses imagined-dialogue device ("oh, what's the right balance"); target does not
  • ›Sentence length divergence (19 vs 32 words)
Limitations and caveats
  • ⊘Candidate samples are short (~50 words each). Stylometric confidence increases sharply above 300 words per sample.
  • ⊘Course material can pull student writing toward common vocabulary and frames, suppressing individual signal.
  • ⊘AI-assisted writing is not detected by this analysis. If ghostwriting via an LLM is suspected, additional methods are required.
  • ⊘This report is investigative, not evidentiary. Use as one input alongside human judgment.
This report constitutes investigative analysis only and is not admissible as standalone evidence in any judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding. Stylometric attribution carries irreducible uncertainty even at high confidence. The reader is advised to corroborate findings through other investigative means before acting on them.
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